Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
(Hib)
What is Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)?Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a serious disease caused
by bacteria that usually strikes children under the age of 5. It is spread
from person-to-person by coughing and sneezing. If the germs spread to the
lungs or bloodstream, Hib can cause serious illness including:
- meningitis - infection of the coverings of the spinal cord and brain
- pneumonia - an infection in the lungs
- severe swelling in the throat
- infections of the blood, joints, bones, and covering of the heart
Immunization against Hib:H. influenzae type b has been nearly abolished in the US due to
effective vaccine development, which has been available since 1988.
Immunization with the Hib vaccine can help prevent Haemophilus influenzae
type b disease. In rare cases, children may still develop H. influenzae
type b infections. This can occur if the child has not completed their
series of immunizations or in older children who did not receive the
vaccine as an infant.
When is Hib vaccine given?
Hib is given to babies and children in four doses at the following ages:
- 2 months
- 4 months
- 6 months
- 12 to 15 months
Children younger than 6 weeks of age should not receive the Hib
vaccine. Children who are sick or have a fever should wait until they are
well to receive the Hib vaccine. Children who should not receive Hib
include those who have had a severe reaction to Hib vaccine. Your child's
physician will advise you on the vaccine in these and other situations.
What are the risks from Hib vaccine?A vaccine, like any medication, is capable of causing serious
problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of Hib causing
serious harm or death is very small. Most people who get the Hib vaccine
do not have any problems with it. Some minor problems may include:
- redness, warmth or swelling in the location where the shot was given
- fever
How do I care for my child after immunization with
Hib vaccine?
- Give your child aspirin-free pain reliever, as directed by your
child's physician.
- An allergic reaction would most likely occur within a few minutes to
a few hours of the shot. Signs of an allergic reaction may include
difficulty breathing, wheezing, (squeaking sounds while breathing due to
tight airways), weakness, fast heartbeat, hives, and paleness. Report
these or any other unusual signs immediately to your child's physician.
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